The tendency of an atom toward a configuration in which it possesses eight valence electrons is referred to as the “ Octet Rule.” In these lower energy states, the outermost energy level has eight electrons (an “octet”). This instability drives them toward the lower energy states represented by the noble gases that are nearby in the periodic table. The elements in the other groups have subshells that are not full, so they are unstable when compared to the noble gases. ![]() They are already at a low energy state, so they tend to stay as they are. These elements have electron configurations characterized by full s and p subshells. For atoms, these lower energy states are represented by the noble gas elements. Lower energy configurations are more stable, so things are naturally drawn toward them. Throughout nature, things that are high in energy tend to move toward lower energy states. Deviations from this ratio result in charged particles called ions. This one-to-one ratio of charges is not, however, the most common state for many elements. The overall charge on the atom is zero, because the magnitude of the negative charge is the same as the magnitude of the positive charge. This is because the number of electrons (negative in charge) is equal to the number of protons (positive in charge). Up until now we have been discussing only the elemental forms of atoms which are neutrally charged. 3.1 Introduction to the Octet Rule 3.2 Ions and the Periodic Table Common Cations Common Anions Ions of Transition Metals 3.3 Ionic Bonding 3.4 Practice Writing Correct Ionic Formulas 3.5 Naming Ions and Ionic Compounds 3.6 Polyatomic Ions 3.7 Naming Polyatomic Ions 3.8 Properties and Types of Ionic Compounds 3.9 Arrhenius Acids and Bases 3.10 Chapter Summary 3.11 References This text is published under creative commons licensing, for referencing and adaptation, please click here. This content can also be downloaded as an printable PDF, adobe reader is required for full functionality. Hope you found.CH150: Chapter 3 – Ions and Ionic Compounds Capless the correct option: option 4 option: 4. Here we have provided with all these options among these options. The number of protons is greater than the number of electrons, or we can say that the number of electrons are less than protons that have less electrons than protons to cations is the correct option. Cations are positively charged cation, as cations are formed by losing electrons. We know that dash are positively charged on. We have to identify dash are positively charged ions that have dash electrons and protons from the above discussion. These are the statements given for these statements, of which option will be correct. ![]() Now we have provided with few sentence 1 statement given regarding the cations and anions among this, which is the correct option we have to find out. If we see the number of protons and electrons, the number of protons are greater than number of electrons here in anions, electrons are gained, soe number of electrons number of electrons is greater than number of protons. The number of protons is not equal to a number of electrons here. If a neutral atom loses the electron, then cation and these anions are formed when neutral atoms again electrons, then anions will form so by using electrons here for cations. Hi now we will discuss about cation and dan ion, cation is positively charged, ion positively charged ion is caton and an ion is negatively charged ion.
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